Husamah 

Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang Jl. Raya Tlogomas 246 Malang, East Java 65144, Indonesia

Abdulkadir Rahardjanto

Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang Jl. Raya Tlogomas 246 Malang, East Java 65144, Indonesia

Tutut Indria Permana 

Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang Jl. Raya Tlogomas 246 Malang, East Java 65144, Indonesia

Samsun Hadi

Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang Jl. Raya Tlogomas 246 Malang, East Java 65144, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/bst.v14i1.60000

ABSTRACT 

Ecology and sustainability are increasingly approached as a coupled socio-ecological agenda for balancing human needs, ecosystem integrity, and long-term resilience within ecological limits Rapid climate risks, accelerated urbanization, intensified agricultural practices, and shifting policy contexts have made sustainability challenges increasingly complex and interdependent, while the expanding body of research complicates the identification of dominant issues, solution pathways, and conceptual linkages. This study translates Scopus AI–supported literature exploration into three structured outputs: (1) an inventory of key sustainability issues, (2) an expanded synthesis of key challenges and potential solutions, and (3) a concept map visualizing relationships among issues, drivers, impacts, and solutions. This article focuses on synthesizing issue patterns and solution pathways as represented in Scopus AI-assisted literature exploration, rather than conducting a conventional meta-analysis of effect sizes. Using Scopus AI, we conducted a natural-language query (“What are the key issues in ecology and sustainability?”) and a comprehensive keyword search combining ecology/ecosystem, sustainability/renewable/green, conservation/management/restoration, climate change/carbon footprint, resource management/circularity, and policy/regulation terms. Retrieved sources and Scopus AI visual elements were analyzed qualitatively to extract themes, recurring patterns, and actionable insights. The synthesis identified six interlinked cluster environmental, economic, and social sustainability; ecology’s role in evidence and biodiversity conservation; technological solutions (green engineering, AI, smart technologies); and governance opportunities (collaboration, innovative policies). The expanded summary highlighted context-specific pressures in biodiversity conservation under climate change, urban waste and resource consumption, and agriculture-driven soil and water degradation, with integrated solutions emphasizing circular economy strategies, sustainable farming transitions, and multi-actor policy frameworks. The concept map reinforced system interdependence, linking climate–energy–emissions, biodiversity outcomes, resource management, and socio-political implementation. Sustainability issues form a coupled socio-ecological system; effective responses require integrated transitions that align ecological priorities, circular resource use, sustainable production, and enabling governance.

Keywords: Biodiversity conservation; Circular economy; Climate change governance; Ecology and sustainability; Scopus AI.