Methanolic Peel Extract of Ziziphus mauritiana as a Promising Natural Antioxidant and Antibacterial Source
(Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Buah Ziziphus mauritiana sebagai Sumber Alami yang Menjanjikan untuk Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri)
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Violitta Oktaviani
Department of Biology Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA, East Jakarta, 138030, Indonesia
Susilo
Department of Biology Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA, East Jakarta, 138030, Indonesia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/bst.v14i2.60014
ABSTRACT
Rising microbial resistance to synthetic antibiotics has prompted the search for natural therapeutic agents from underutilized agricultural waste. The growing resistance of microorganisms to synthetic antibiotics has prompted the search for new therapeutic agents derived from natural sources. The fruit peel of Ziziphus mauritiana remains underexplored, yet holds potential as a source of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the methanolic peel extract of Z. mauritiana and to analyze its correlation with total phenolic content (TPC). Extraction was performed using the Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method, followed by analysis of antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS assays) and antibacterial activity against Shigella dysenteriae and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The extract exhibited a high TPC value (49.80 ± 2.41 mg GAE/g DW) and significant antioxidant activity in both the DPPH (TEAC: 1117.41 ± 7.28 μmol TE/g) and ABTS (AEAC: 918.33 ± 3.14 μmol AE/g) assays. Pearson correlation revealed a perfect and statistically significant relationship between TPC and ABTS (r = 1.000, p < 0.01), and a strong but non-significant correlation with DPPH (r = 0.900, p = 0.288). Antibacterial activity showed moderate to strong inhibition zones at 80 mg/mL, with diameters of 13.60 ± 1.46 mm for S. dysenteriae and 14.41 ± 1.35 mm for S. epidermidis. These findings support the potential of Z. mauritiana peel as a natural source of antioxidants and antibacterial agents and highlight its relevance to the development of therapeutic formulations based on local biodiversity.
Keywords: Ziziphus mauritiana, Phenolic compounds, Antioxidant activity, Antibacterial activity.
Published
02-06-2026
Issue
Vol. 14 No. 2 2026: BERKALA SAINSTEK
Pages
75-82
License
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